In
this section, you will also talk about how you intend to
market your product or service to your target audience.
Will you focus on pay-per-click search engine traffic?
Banner advertising? E-zine sponsorships? How much do you
expect to spend on advertising, and what sort of return do
you expect from those advertising dollars?
Be
sure to think carefully about which marketing strategies
to include here. Don't just list off every single
advertising technique you can think of. You need to
realistically evaluate all the possibilities, and then
focus on the two or three marketing techniques that will
produce the biggest return on investment.
If
you think this sounds like a lot of work just for a
business plan, think again! This is the kind of legwork
and research you should be doing anyway! And once you've
figured out how much your marketing and advertising is
going to cost, you can put together a schedule of how much
you can afford to spend on various campaigns each month.
Section
4: Competitive Analysis
The
competitive analysis section of your business plan is
where you explain, in detail, the strengths and weaknesses
of your main competitors. This will allow you to
realistically determine where you can position your
business in the market in relation to your competition.
Make
sure to do an honest appraisal of who your competition is.
If your site is selling board games, your main competition
is NOT Toys 'R' Us. Instead, your biggest competitors are
other niche sites that focus on selling board games. These
are the sites that you can realistically expect to compete
with for customers interested in buying your products
online.
Nevertheless,
you should still pay attention to the "major
players" in your competitive analysis. Take a look at
how they are marketing to board game buyers, and what
areas they are lacking in. Based on your research, you
should be able to capitalize on the weaknesses of others
in your market space and snatch customers away
from them by positioning your offer to meet a
need that everyone else is neglecting.
A
great tool for doing competitive analysis is http://www.alexa.com,
which allows you to discover how much traffic your
competitors are getting in relation to your site and see
who they are linking to. Compare your own traffic ranking
to your competitors' traffic rankings in Alexa every month
or so. This way, you'll be able to gauge your
progress against your competition. Spend some
time getting familiar with this site -- it will become an
invaluable resource tool for you!
Section
5: Development Plan and/or Operational Strategy
If
your company is still in the developmental stage (with no
product and/or no revenues), this is the section where you
will explain how you are going to bring your company into
the marketplace. The best way to do this is to write out a
development timeline with the projected completion dates
for various milestones your company will need to reach
before it can start making sales.
This
is the section where you must plan to profit! Failing
to do so is one of the most common mistakes made by
businesses. All too often, people just set up shop without
ever really planning exactly HOW they are going to become
profitable!
If
your business is already up and running, but is not
currently generating a profit (if your revenues are not
enough to cover your operating expenses), then this is
where you will need to identify how you will make up the
shortfall until you become profitable. For many home-based
businesses, the difference is drawn from the owner's
savings or income from another job.
Regardless
of what stage you're at, you should still include a table
of projected milestones for your business in this section.
Estimate the month and year of the important milestones
that you plan to achieve over the next 1 to 2 years. This
not only looks great, it also reminds you of your
goals every time you refer back to your plan.
Section
6: Management
This section
is especially important if you are going to be using your
business plan to secure funding. I can guarantee that
after a prospective investor reads through your Executive
Summary, they will flip directly to your Management
section before reading anything else. They'll want to get
a clear idea of "who" your company is -- after
all, a business idea is only as good as the people behind
it!
So this is
where you introduce your management team or, if you are
the only person involved in your business, explain why you
are qualified to be running the company. Focus on your strengths
and achievements from your previous
ventures or jobs, and explain in detail how those
qualities transfer to your business.
Make sure to
go into detail about what makes you uniquely
qualified to operate this sort of business. What
special skills do you bring to the company? How do your
areas of expertise give you a distinct advantage over
people operating similar companies?
If you have
accountants, lawyers, or consultants advising you in an
official (paid) capacity, you can mention their names,
duties, and qualifications here as well. However, you need
to be sure to get their permission before putting their
names in your business plan.
Section
7: Financials
If you've
had a chance to look through a few business plans before,
you'll have noticed that the last half of these documents
are filled with balance sheets, earnings projections,
capital requirements, depreciation estimates, and dozens
of other highly detailed financial statements.
Don't let
all these numbers put you off! If you aren't going to be
using your business plan to solicit capital from outside
sources, you won't need 90% of this stuff. Instead, focus
on your monthly income and monthly expenses. The best way
to do this is to put together a simple 12-month cash flow
forecast.
Here's how
to do it:
First,
estimate how much your business will earn on a monthly
basis. Include all your sales, cash you'll be drawing from
your savings, or money your business has been loaned. This
is your "Total Cash In."
Next,
determine what your monthly expenses will be. This should
include things like advertising costs, office expenses
like phone bills and stationery, the cost of your
inventory, equipment purchases, loan repayments, as well
as whatever cash you'll be drawing out of the business for
your personal living expenses. This will be your
"Total Cash Out."
Now,
simply subtract your "Total Cash Out" from your
"Total Cash In" to get your monthly "Net
Cash Flow." If you see that your Net Cash Flow is a
negative number, you're losing money! If that number stays
negative for the entire 12 months, you're going to need to
re-evaluate your business plan... and figure out a way to
increase sales or decrease expenses!
IMPORTANT
NOTE: You
can see why it is so important to be honest with yourself
when writing your business plan! If you exaggerate the
sales you think you'll bring in, your whole business model
will be damaged when those sales don't materialize. So
much for that hefty advertising budget you planned, as
well as the generous salary you hoped to pay yourself!
Do-It-Yourself
vs. Hiring Out
If
you are going to be using your business plan as a tool to
attract capital from banks or investors, then your
business plan will need to be MUCH more detailed than if
you are preparing it for personal use. If you need some
extra help preparing a highly detailed plan, you have a
few choices. You can: